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DISEASE AWARENESS PAGE FOR R3 STEM CELL – PELVIC PAIN
Pain felt in the general pelvic area is known as pelvic pain, and depending on the duration, it can be classified into acute and chronic pelvic pain. Acute pelvic pain is pain that hasn’t lasted up to six months, and the pain is considered chronic when it exceeds a six-month duration. Pelvic pain occurs in men and women and is caused by several conditions, both physiological (normal) and pathophysiological (abnormal). Additionally, the causes in men differ from those in women, although they also share similar causes.
The only male-specific cause of pelvic pain is prostatitis. This is a condition characterised by the inflammation of the prostate gland, and it only happens in men because women don’t have prostrate. Gland. In women, there are several causes of pelvic pain, including dysmenorrhea, ovarian cysts, and endometriosis (more on these under causes of pelvic pain): factors that can cause pelvic pain in men and women pudendal neuralgia, and appendicitis.
Pelvic pain is a blanket term that describes pain felt in the general pelvic region. This extends from the lower abdomen and covers the genitals. Pain occurring in the lower part of the body is very broad and can vary in terminology due to where it is most felt. For example, if the pain is felt in the posterior lower part of the body, it is considered as low back pain. Pain felt in front of the body below the chest is known as anterior abdominal pain. Sometimes, individuals who have pain in these areas have trouble distinguishing the areas from each other.
Appendicitis reflects as pain in the pelvic area, although some children and adults describe it as a stomach ache. Other conditions also have this effect, like menstrual cramps and colitis.
As mentioned earlier, the causes of pelvic pain are very numerous and can range from muscular pain like muscle tension and strain to the pain of nerve origin (conditions like pudendal neuralgia and even some kinds of spinal arthritis).
The other culprits of pelvic pain are soft tissues. In fact, soft tissues are the origins of most of the pelvic pain felt, as we will see shortly. There is also pelvic pain that’s not really pelvic pain. This includes referred pain originating from other parts of the body and reflecting at the pelvis.
Even though there are several causes of pelvic pain, prostatitis is the only male-specific one. Prostatitis is inflammation of the prostate gland and surrounding tissues. There are different types of prostatitis:
The causes of pelvic pain in women include gynaecological processes like
Since pelvic pain is caused by tissues in the body, the sources of pelvic pain common to both sexes are tissues like the bladder, appendix, bowels, and others
Most women will experience pelvic pain at some point in their lives. Puberty is an especially important phase when it comes to pelvic pain because it marks the onset of ovulation and menstruation. As mentioned earlier, different conditions cause different kinds of pelvic pain, and these have varying occurrences. Dysmenorrhea accounts for between 17% and 81% of all pelvic pains.
Dyspareunia accounts for between 8% and 22%. Noncyclical pain is responsible for between 2% and 24%. In 2017, about 9 out of every hundred visits to the gynaecologist were due to chronic pelvic pain. Chronic pelvic pain is also responsible for 20% to 30% of all laparoscopies in adults.
In men, about 90% of prostatitis conditions present with chronic pelvic pain.
Pelvic pain is more common in women, and they are at greater risk of developing the condition. Most women will develop pelvic pain at some point in their lives due to menstruation other physiological changes. Some factors that can increase the changes are
For men, the risk factors include
The kinds of pelvic pain felt depend on the structures causing the pain, and the sources of the pain. The pain could be
The diagnosis of pelvic pain begins with a history and examination. The next step is usually a pregnancy test in women. Other tests include imaging scans and blood tests. Diagnosing pelvic pain in men usually involves a process of elimination, ruling out other diseases until the cause is found.
The kind of pain felt can point to the source, like burning during urination can point to Urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted diseases. Pain around or during menstruation in women points to PMS and dysmenorrhea.
This includes assessing the way the individual sits, stands and walks, as well as feeling several parts of the abdomen to try and elicit the pain. A vaginal and rectal exam may also be conducted.
Several tests can be conducted to confirm the source of the pain. Without proper identification, the pain cannot be properly treated. Some of the tests include
Successful treatment of pelvic pain is often contingent upon successful diagnosis. Treatment options can include
The treatments administered depend on the underlying cause.
Here are answers to many of the frequently asked questions we receive.
Arthritis can be classified into several types. Osteoarthritis is caused by the normal aging process of the body, or could be a result of injury.
Rheumatoid arthritis, the most common type of arthritis, happens due to autoimmune problems, wherein the body’s own immune system attacks healthy cells of the body. Infectious arthritis is caused by an infection to the joint. Patients with psoriasis may be affected by Psoriatic arthritis. Finally, excessive uric acid in the body can cause Gout, an arthritis that often starts at the toe.
Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory form of arthritis. This disease causes chronic inflammation of the joints and can lead to deterioration of a variety of systems in the body. Rheumatoid arthritis occurs when the immune system attacks the lining of the membrane around the joints known as the synovium, which causes inflammation that thickens the synovium and ultimately deforms the cartilage and bone of the joints.
How common is it and who is at risk?
An estimated one percent of the entire world population suffers from rheumatoid arthritis. As the case with osteoarthritis, women are more likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis. Other groups at risk are people middle-aged or older as well as those suffering from obesity. Rheumatoid arthritis risk is inheritable, which may be accelerated by smoking or unknown environmental exposures.
Signs of the disease include swollen, tender joints that may feel stiff, particularly in the mornings. Fever, fatigue, and loss of activity are also common symptoms. Rheumatoid arthritis tends to manifest initially in the smaller joints like those in the fingers and toes. Symptoms are exhibited in joints of other body parts as the disease spreads.
Diagnosis begins with a physical test checking for redness, warmth, and swelling as well as the state of reflexes in the affected joints. Multiple blood tests are conducted as people with rheumatoid arthritis usually have elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates and C-reactive protein levels. Additionally, X-rays, MRIs, and ultrasounds are conducted to track the spread of the disease.
While no cure exists as of now, research has revealed that the symptoms may be controlled by early application of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Steroids or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be prescribed depending on the case. Exercises to retain joint flexibility also provide some relief. If medications fail to slow down the disease, doctors may recommend surgery to repair or replace joints or swollen tendons.
Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory form of arthritis. This disease causes chronic inflammation of the joints and can lead to deterioration of a variety of systems in the body. Rheumatoid arthritis occurs when the immune system attacks the lining of the membrane around the joints known as the synovium, which causes inflammation that thickens the synovium and ultimately deforms the cartilage and bone of the joints.
How common is it and who is at risk?
An estimated one percent of the entire world population suffers from rheumatoid arthritis. As the case with osteoarthritis, women are more likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis. Other groups at risk are people middle-aged or older as well as those suffering from obesity. Rheumatoid arthritis risk is inheritable, which may be accelerated by smoking or unknown environmental exposures.
Signs of the disease include swollen, tender joints that may feel stiff, particularly in the mornings. Fever, fatigue, and loss of activity are also common symptoms. Rheumatoid arthritis tends to manifest initially in the smaller joints like those in the fingers and toes. Symptoms are exhibited in joints of other body parts as the disease spreads.
Diagnosis begins with a physical test checking for redness, warmth, and swelling as well as the state of reflexes in the affected joints. Multiple blood tests are conducted as people with rheumatoid arthritis usually have elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates and C-reactive protein levels. Additionally, X-rays, MRIs, and ultrasounds are conducted to track the spread of the disease.
While no cure exists as of now, research has revealed that the symptoms may be controlled by early application of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Steroids or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be prescribed depending on the case. Exercises to retain joint flexibility also provide some relief. If medications fail to slow down the disease, doctors may recommend surgery to repair or replace joints or swollen tendons.
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is the most prevalent form of arthritis within kids. It is characterized by persistent pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joints. The disease occurs when the body’s own tissues are attacked by its cells. In some cases, it can create more serious complications such as growth problems and eye inflammation.
It is the most common form of arthritis diagnosed in children under the age of sixteen. Certain gene mutations can make the body more vulnerable to the external environment, which can result in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis occurring. Although reasons are unknown, girls are more susceptible to Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis than boys.
Commonplace symptoms include joint pain or a limp caused by the pain, swelling of joints and stiffness of the joints that results in clumsiness by the child. In some cases, the disease can manifest as high fever and rashes.
Diagnosis for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis is difficult as the pain and swelling in the joints could be attributed to a number of diseases. Quite a few blood tests are conducted to determine the status of markers like erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein levels, and quantity of anti-nuclear bodies, among others. However, many children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis show no abnormalities in these tests.
The treatment for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis is geared towards making sure the child can maintain a regular level of physical activity. This can include different types of medication like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce pain and swelling or disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in more severe cases. Biologic agents may be recommended to help prevent joint damage. Physical therapy can also help the child maintain a full range of motion with or without joint supports or splints based on the situation. Surgery is the most extreme option used to improve the position of the affected joint.
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