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DISEASE AWARENESS PAGE FOR R3 STEM CELL – KNEE TENDONITIS
A ligament is a tough, elastic band of tissue that attaches bones together, fixing them in place and limiting their movements, but providing stability and strength. A knee ligament injury is a sprain to any or a combination of the ligaments of the knee. There are four ligaments in the knee, and they are differentially prone to injury. Injury may be a sprain or tear. They are namely: anterior cruciate ligament – ACL, posterior cruciate ligament – PCL, lateral collateral ligament – LCL, and medial collateral ligament – MCL.
Anterior cruciate ligament, ACL injury: ACL connects the thigh bone or femur to the shin bone or tibia on the inside, in front of the knee. It is the most commonly injured ligament of the knee. It prevents the shin bone from sliding in front of the thighbone, and also controls the rotation of the knee. Injury to the ACL occurs when it is stretched or torn by a force directed at it from the front or back.
Posterior cruciate ligament, PCL injury: PCL connects the thigh bone or femur to the shin bone or tibia, on the inside, but behind the ACL. It is the least likely to be injured as it is the strongest ligament of the knee. It controls the backward motion of the knee, and it is often called an overextended knee. Injury to the PCL occurs when it is stretched or torn by great force to the knee, for example in an accident.
Lateral collateral ligament, LCL injury: LCL connects the thigh bone to the fibula on the lateral side – outside – of the knee. It provides stability to the outside of the knee. An LCL injury occurs when the ligament is torn or stretched by a force directed at the knee from the sides.
Medial collateral ligament, MCL injury: MCL connects the thigh bone to the shin bone on the inside of the knee. It provides stability to the inside of the knee. Injury to the MCL occurs when the ligament is stretched or torn by a force directed at the knee from the sides.
Knee ligament injuries are a very common occurrence in sports. They can happen in quite a number of ways, either from badly landing a jump or from a blunt force directed at the knee, as occurs in a tackle. Knee ligament injuries can also occur in situations outside of sports, like in a car crash or bike accident.
There are three levels of severity to all types of knee ligament injuries. These levels are:
Any one is prone to having knee ligament injuries as you can’t predict when it will happen if it is going to happen. However, the following factors can put you at a higher risk of spraining or tearing any ligament of your knee joint.
The symptoms of knee ligament injuries are dependent on the extent of injury. The following are the symptoms you may experience:
To diagnose knee ligament injuries, a doctor, usually, will carry out a physical examination by inspecting the bones of your knee, making sure they are in the right place. But prior to inspecting your knee, he will quiz you about your medical history to know if you have had any previous medical condition, or medication that may affect the knee. He may ask you to narrate your experience if the symptoms are as a result of an accident. He will ask if the injury is due a direct blow or if it is due to a twisting force. Other questions addressing the symptoms will be asked.
Different diagnostic imaging tests may be done to in order to accurately diagnosis you. Such imaging tests may include:
The type of treatment given to a person with knee ligament injury depends on the severity of it. Mild and moderate sprains can generally be treated using home remedies, but severe sprains always require professional assistance. The following home remedies can be used in treating mild and moderate sprains:
Seeking further treatments from a physiotherapist in addition to the home remedies will go a long way in ensuring that the ligament fibers heal the right way, consequently bringing down the risk of a future occurrence.
Severe sprains, most times, require surgery for correction, particularly if the ACL or PCL is involved, or if more than one ligaments are torn. The type of surgery that will be carried out is called reconstructive knee surgery, where tendons from other parts of your leg or from a cadaver are removed, and used to replace the torn ligament. A reconstructive knee surgery for an APL or PCL injury is complicated. Not everyone is a good fit for the procedure. If the instability in the knee can be managed, the doctor may advise against a reconstructive knee surgery.
Here are answers to many of the frequently asked questions we receive.
Arthritis can be classified into several types. Osteoarthritis is caused by the normal aging process of the body, or could be a result of injury.
Rheumatoid arthritis, the most common type of arthritis, happens due to autoimmune problems, wherein the body’s own immune system attacks healthy cells of the body. Infectious arthritis is caused by an infection to the joint. Patients with psoriasis may be affected by Psoriatic arthritis. Finally, excessive uric acid in the body can cause Gout, an arthritis that often starts at the toe.
Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory form of arthritis. This disease causes chronic inflammation of the joints and can lead to deterioration of a variety of systems in the body. Rheumatoid arthritis occurs when the immune system attacks the lining of the membrane around the joints known as the synovium, which causes inflammation that thickens the synovium and ultimately deforms the cartilage and bone of the joints.
How common is it and who is at risk?
An estimated one percent of the entire world population suffers from rheumatoid arthritis. As the case with osteoarthritis, women are more likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis. Other groups at risk are people middle-aged or older as well as those suffering from obesity. Rheumatoid arthritis risk is inheritable, which may be accelerated by smoking or unknown environmental exposures.
Signs of the disease include swollen, tender joints that may feel stiff, particularly in the mornings. Fever, fatigue, and loss of activity are also common symptoms. Rheumatoid arthritis tends to manifest initially in the smaller joints like those in the fingers and toes. Symptoms are exhibited in joints of other body parts as the disease spreads.
Diagnosis begins with a physical test checking for redness, warmth, and swelling as well as the state of reflexes in the affected joints. Multiple blood tests are conducted as people with rheumatoid arthritis usually have elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates and C-reactive protein levels. Additionally, X-rays, MRIs, and ultrasounds are conducted to track the spread of the disease.
While no cure exists as of now, research has revealed that the symptoms may be controlled by early application of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Steroids or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be prescribed depending on the case. Exercises to retain joint flexibility also provide some relief. If medications fail to slow down the disease, doctors may recommend surgery to repair or replace joints or swollen tendons.
Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory form of arthritis. This disease causes chronic inflammation of the joints and can lead to deterioration of a variety of systems in the body. Rheumatoid arthritis occurs when the immune system attacks the lining of the membrane around the joints known as the synovium, which causes inflammation that thickens the synovium and ultimately deforms the cartilage and bone of the joints.
How common is it and who is at risk?
An estimated one percent of the entire world population suffers from rheumatoid arthritis. As the case with osteoarthritis, women are more likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis. Other groups at risk are people middle-aged or older as well as those suffering from obesity. Rheumatoid arthritis risk is inheritable, which may be accelerated by smoking or unknown environmental exposures.
Signs of the disease include swollen, tender joints that may feel stiff, particularly in the mornings. Fever, fatigue, and loss of activity are also common symptoms. Rheumatoid arthritis tends to manifest initially in the smaller joints like those in the fingers and toes. Symptoms are exhibited in joints of other body parts as the disease spreads.
Diagnosis begins with a physical test checking for redness, warmth, and swelling as well as the state of reflexes in the affected joints. Multiple blood tests are conducted as people with rheumatoid arthritis usually have elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates and C-reactive protein levels. Additionally, X-rays, MRIs, and ultrasounds are conducted to track the spread of the disease.
While no cure exists as of now, research has revealed that the symptoms may be controlled by early application of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Steroids or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be prescribed depending on the case. Exercises to retain joint flexibility also provide some relief. If medications fail to slow down the disease, doctors may recommend surgery to repair or replace joints or swollen tendons.
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is the most prevalent form of arthritis within kids. It is characterized by persistent pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joints. The disease occurs when the body’s own tissues are attacked by its cells. In some cases, it can create more serious complications such as growth problems and eye inflammation.
It is the most common form of arthritis diagnosed in children under the age of sixteen. Certain gene mutations can make the body more vulnerable to the external environment, which can result in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis occurring. Although reasons are unknown, girls are more susceptible to Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis than boys.
Commonplace symptoms include joint pain or a limp caused by the pain, swelling of joints and stiffness of the joints that results in clumsiness by the child. In some cases, the disease can manifest as high fever and rashes.
Diagnosis for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis is difficult as the pain and swelling in the joints could be attributed to a number of diseases. Quite a few blood tests are conducted to determine the status of markers like erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein levels, and quantity of anti-nuclear bodies, among others. However, many children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis show no abnormalities in these tests.
The treatment for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis is geared towards making sure the child can maintain a regular level of physical activity. This can include different types of medication like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce pain and swelling or disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in more severe cases. Biologic agents may be recommended to help prevent joint damage. Physical therapy can also help the child maintain a full range of motion with or without joint supports or splints based on the situation. Surgery is the most extreme option used to improve the position of the affected joint.
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